Jmol b dna4/16/2023 ![]() ![]() ![]() Does the institution serve a remote patient population that has access to care barriers? Are the medication regimens of these patients likely to be impacted by genetic testing?.Does the institution already provide PGx testing in a smaller capacity (1 gene for 1 medication)? What would be the cost difference to provide a broadPGx panel?.Does the facility serve minority populations that have established variations in drug efficacy based on race or ethnicity?.Which patient populations are constantly readmitted or require more frequent follow-up? Are these patients on medications impacted by genetic variations?.What are the most prescribed medications at the institution? Do those medications have actionable drug-gene pairs indicated by the Clinical Pharmacogenetics Implementation Consortium? 23 Does the FDA have recommendations for testing in the drug label? 24.Questions worth considering include the following: A pharmacist could utilize grant funding within their own institutions in various care settings after an analysis of internal obstacles. Grant funding at the national and state level is often directed toward high-risk and high-cost patient populations. Given this major limitation, pharmacists can explore funding for PGx testing through nontraditional revenue streams. 20-22 Unfortunately, these proposals did not encompass widespread coverage for PGx tests themselves moreover, the bill did not move forward. The bill aimed to direct funding toward a public awareness campaign on adverse drug events, establish a program to educate health care professionals about PGx testing, and mandate assessment of electronic health records to ensure the capacity to update based upon clinical evidence developments. The introduction of the Right Drug Dose Now Act in 2022 was an essential step on the national level to recognize the importance of precision medication. One of the most significant barriers to widespread utilization of preemptive PGx testing in clinical practice is the coverage of testing from both public and private insurers. Additionally, some institutions are incentivizing pharmacists to obtain PGx certifications by covering the cost in return for being the pharmacy champion in implementation efforts. Pharmacists already working in a specialty practice setting may want to review the curriculum to ensure there is a component that provides a deeper understanding of the specific patient populations they work with. It is also worth considering whether the facilitator has implementation experience to provide insight with forward thinking questions and concerns past the foundational knowledge base. ![]() Variations can include literature reviews, facilitated group discussions, blog posts, and patient case presentations. If a completely self-paced module is not ideal, there are many options to earn a PGx certificate that integrate interactive components. ![]() 17-18 Some state associations are even creating content themselves or partnering with smaller educational affiliates to provide education sessions at a discounted price for members or meeting attendees. Various national pharmacy organizations offer online self-paced certification courses with discounted pricing for members. Special Considerations for Pharmacogenomics-Related Educational MaterialsĪs with any certificate or training, it is important to consider both lifestyle and learning style. Taking steps toward education and understanding the many barriers to widespread implementation of PGx is a place to start. Pharmacists have wondered, however, what this means for the average pharmacist whose pharmacy school education did not include PGx. Furthermore, pharmacists are often perfectly positioned within interprofessional care teams to provide education on optimal dosing strategies and alternative recommendations based on patient-specific factors. 9-12 It seems like a natural progression for pharmacists to take ownership of PGx given their extensive knowledge base in pharmacokinetics, pharmacodynamics, and pharmacotherapy. National and state pharmacy organizations have been discussing the role of the pharmacist within this space for years. 2-8 Patients, payers, health care systems, and clinicians can all benefit significantly from fewer adverse reactions, increased patient safety metrics, reduced cost of treatment, improved medication adherence, and decreased lengths of therapy. A growing body of literature continues to highlight the benefits across the continuum of care when patient-specific genetic factors are used to optimize therapeutic regimens. 1 This striking statistic is widely shared when advocating for pharmacogenomics (PGx) testing in clinical practice. More than 90% of individuals harbor DNA variants that could affect response to medications. ![]()
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